Each chapter includes an introductory overview of the topics covered, a discussion of underlying issues and controversies, with suggestions on how these may be resolved, and a range of practical features to help teachers reflect upon and apply the learning. The book takes into account the specific needs of learners of different ages, levels and backgrounds, supporting teachers to work in a wide range of contexts. The third edition has been extensively re-written to reflect research and thinking in the field, as well as technological developments. It includes an additional chapter on digital technology and online teaching.